Torsion impact testing apparatus



Jan. 5, 1937. R. w. DINZL 2,067,140

TORSION IMPACT TESTING APPARATUS Filed Aug. 17, 1935 2 Sheets-Sheet l Jan. '5, 1937. R DINZL 2,067,140

TORSION IMPACT TESTING APPARATUS Filed Aug. 17, 1935 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 6 INVENTOR HWD/rrz/ Patented Jan; 5.19 37 t ".IUNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE TORSION IIVIPACT TESTING APPARATUS Richard W. Dinzl, Nan-berth, Pa., assignor to Baldwin-Southwark Corporation, a corporation of Delaware 4 Application August 17, 1935, Serial No. 36,636

15 Claims. (01.265-13) "I'his'invention relates generally to torsion imwhichare shown herein merely for the purpose pact testing apparatus and more particularly to of illustrating certain specific forms among an improved machine and means for determinothers that the invention might take in practice, ing the degree of torsion of a test specimen up to I have disclosed in Fig. 1 a torsion impact mathe point of failure thereo chine having a base I and a pedestal 2 rigidly 5 The development of torsion impact testing as secured thereto. Suitably journalled in pedestal brought about by the invention of G. V. Luerssen 2 is a shaft 3 which carries a flywheel 4. This and O. V. Greene, Patent Number 1,962,604, has flywheel has an annular flange 5 completely enbeen limited merely to determining the energy closing a pair of lugs 6 which are rigidly conrequired to produce failure of the specimen. nected to flywheel 4 preferably by shanks ex- 0 No knowledge has been available from such tests tending through and securely held in the flyas to the degree of torsion of the specimen bewheel. A pedestal 8- has a base 9 horizontally fore failure, or axially adjustable in a slideway Ill of machine It isone object of my invention to provide imbase i. As shown in Fig. 3, a hand lever I I is proved means and apparatus for determining the pivoted at [2 to the machine base and at l3 to 5 degree of torsion up to the point of failure of a the pedestal base 9. The pivot I3 may be sufiispecimen, and it is a further object to provide ciently loose to compensate for any angularity such means in a manner that will accomplish between the lever and slideways H]. An annular this result in a simple, inexpensive and effective enclosure cover l4 projects axially from pedestal 2O manner regardless of the fact that the degree of 8 and is of such inner diameter as to generally torsion to be measured may beof very short telescopically receive flywheel 4. A specimen l5 duration; is secured at one end against relative rotation It is another object of my invention to acwith respect to flywheel 4 by a suitable socket l6 complish these results either electrically or mein pedestal 8. A set screw or other suitable chanically and preferably to produce a permameans I! may be employed to firmly hold the nent record of such results. A further object specimen in socket IS, the other end of the speciis to produce a machine that will permit eifective men having a cross bar l8 adapted when al -ally and rapid tests to be made. moved to be engaged by the diametrically op- Other objects and advantages will be more apposed impact lugs 6.

parent to those skilled in the art from the follow- In the operation of the machine so far deing description of the accompanying drawings in scribed, when the specimen and cross arm l8 are which: assembled in the manner shown in Fig. '1; the

Fig. l is a partial sectional view of a torsional operator first causes flywheel 4 to be rotated by impact machine embodying improved features of depressing a lever thereby closing a switch 2| the machine and means for determining the deto simultaneously start a motor 22 and tilt the 5 gree of torsion before failure of the specimen, -motor about a pivot 23. Upon tilting the motor, the section being taken on line l-l of Fig. 2; a friction wheel 24 engages the periphery of fly- Fig. 2 is a vertical transverse section taken on wheel 4 and causes rotation thereof. When the t l 2 z of Fi 1; flywheel has attained a predetermined speed as Fig, 3 is a, horizontal section taken o the line indicated by a speedometer or tachometer 25 o 3-3 of Fig. 1; A driven from the end of shaft 3 by belt 26, the Fig. 4 is a horizontal section taken on-the line opera or r lea s l ver 0 to p mit motor 22 and 4 d of Fig, 1; friction wheel 24 to be moved to its inoperative Fig. 5 is an elevational view of a record chart p si i n by a spring ie- Th r up n h viewed in the direction of the line 5-5 of Fig. 1; o or o es hand lever H to the left, i s. 1

Fig. 6 is a sectional view of a pendulum type and 3, thus laterally or axially shifting pedestal impact tester embodying my invention; 8, annular flange l4 and the specimen with its Fig. 7 is an end view of the left end of the cross bar 18 whereupon impact lugs 6 engage device shown in Fig. 6; cross bar it} and impart a torsional impact to Fig. 8 is a fragmentary longitudinal view of specimen I 5. Upon breakage of the specimen, 50

mechanical means for determining the degree of cross bar l8 or chips from specimen l5 may fly torsion of a specimen before failure thereof; outwardlyv but these'will be intercepted'by an- Fig. 9 is a modification of a sparkrecording nular flange M which at the moment of impact electrode and chart. has telescopic orcooperative closure relation with In the particular embodiments ofthe invention flywheel A. After the specimen is broken, hand 55 lever H is moved entirely to the right so that men l5 fromits' socket l6 and insert a new specithe specimen fails.

men. During this operation the operator is entirely protected from impact lugs 6 due to flange 5 of the flywheel completely covering the same while the annular cooperating or telescopic cover I4 insures ample protection to the operator when All of the foregoing features I have been found to very greatly increase the speed of performing repeated tests with this type of machine. h

i In order to determine the degree of torsion up to the point of failure of thespecimen, I have provided improvedmeans for recording the same. In one form this includes a record chart 30, Fig. 5, which for convenience is arcuate and insertable between suitable arcuate. guides secured to the back side of flywheel 4. These guides and chart may be of any suitable circumferential length, and it is preferable that two such charts should be diametrically located on the flywheel as shown inFig. 1 at 30 for reasons that will appear presently. A high tension electrode 32 is located adjacent the rear side of flywheel 4 so as to permit a spark to pass through record chart 3!] during. torsion of the specimen. This electrodemay be either stationary or it may be successively adjusted radially ofthe chart in order to record a series of tests-on one chart. To this end, the electrode may be supported in a lever 33, one end of which is pivoted at 34 .while its other end may be held in any adjustable position by a releasable pawl and detent 35', there being as shown in Fig. 1 a series of detents adjustment of the electrode, it is preferable that the same be located vertically beneath the axis of shaft 3. The ability to make multiple records on a single chart is desirable in view of the fact that the flywheel 4 is not stopped when a new specimen is being inserted.

To establish current for electrode 32, starting from the instant that cross bar l8 engages impact lug 6, I can employ anyone of several arrangements. One is to suitably electrically insulate the right end of specimen l5 with respect to machine base l. Such insulation may :be a heavy insert 31 surrounding the end of the specimen or it may be a sheet of insulation 38 separatingbase 9 from pedestal 8 and hood l4.

An electric battery 39 is suitably connected to the specimen as diagrammatically indicated at 40, while the'other end of the battery is connected to a make and break contact. of an auto transformer 42 whose primary coil is connected. at 43 I tothe machine frame and therefore to the impact lugs 6 through the-shaft 3 and flywheel 4. The high tension or secondary coil of the transformer is also connected to the machine frame at 44 and toelectrode 32 as at 45, this electrode [bee ing suitably insulated. Y

. In operation of the foregoing, at the. instant when impact lugs 6 engage cross bar l8, a circuit is established for primary coil 42 from battery 39 thence through contact 40, specimen l5, cross bar l8, lugs 6, flywheel 4, contact 43 and to the'other side of the battery through coil 42 and make and 36. To utilize this vertical break contacts 4|. A high secondary voltage sparks from electrode 32 through the record paper 30 to flywheel 4 to complete the circuit back to the secondary coil. The sparking will continue so long as the specimen [5 remains intact and cross bar l8 remains in engagement with lugs 6.

However, upon failure of specimen 15, the primary circuit therethrough will be instantly broken even though cross arm l8 should momentarily remainin contact with lugs 6'. When the primary circuit is thus broken, the secondary circuit for electrode 32 is instantly brokemthus terminating sparking through the record chart 30. The chart will thusshow a series ofh'oles 41 burnt therein through a certain angular rotation of the flywheel, thus indicating the degree of torsion up to the point of failure. the operator may either stop the flywheel and replace the chart with a new one or he may move electrode 32 radially inwardly by hand lever 33 so that the next record may be made along an In the next test,

arcuate line 48. The chart may be arranged for anynumber of such tests. Upon failure of the specimen if the cross bar l8 should fall down and lie across flywheel 4 and annular flange l4, a connection may be made to energize the primary circuit. To avoid this, the inner face'of flange l4 may be provided with a layer of insulating material 49. ,4

' Another method by which the primary circuit may be energized is to insulate shanks I of the impact lugs 6, such insulation being diagrammatically indicated at 50. A circular slip'ring 5i may be secured to one of the shanks l while a concentric slip ring 52 may be secured to the other shank In this case the two ends ,of the primary circuit can be connected to rings 5i and 52 through brushes 53 and 54. Hence it is-seen that when crossbar I8 is engaged by impact lugs 6, the primary'circuit be established to produce a record as above described.

In the modification of Fig. 6, I have shown a pendulum type torsion impact testing machine comprising a base 60 and pedestal 6!. One end of the specimen 62 is secured in a holder 63 which in turn is suitably journalled in pedestal 6|. A cross bar 64 is formed as a part of the holder 63 and is'adapted for engagement with an impact lug 65 secured to pedestal 6|. The other end of the specimenis' secured in, a hub 66 of a pendulum 6'! whose lower end is suitably weighted. Hub 66 in turn is journalled in a laterally projecting portion 68 of pedestal 6|. An indicator hand 69 is secured to the outer end of hub 68 and suitably insulated therefrom as indicated at 69 so as to indicate the angular movement of the pendulum. Secured to frame portion 68 is a circular disc 10 upon which an arcuate record sheet may be supported.

In the operation of Fig. '7, the pendulum 61 is manually moved a' predetermined number of degrees depending upon the energy desired to be stored in the pendulum. The pendulum is then released, whereupon arm 64.will engage impact lug to cause a torsional failure of specimen 62.

At the instanto'f contact between elements 64 and 65, the primary circuit II will be energized by flow of current through elements 65. 64, specimen 62 and thence back to the primary winding 42.

The secondary circuit will thus be established from the secondary coil through a pointer 69 to make a spark from a suitable electrode H on the end of the pointer through a paper chart on disc 10 and thence back through the, disc to the secondary coil.

In the modification shown in Fig. 8, a scratch record is made of the angular deflection and such a record may be accurately interpreted and determined by a microscope if magnification is necessary. This arrangement consists of a finger 15, one end of which is secured as at 16 to the specimen and the other end T5 of which freely rests through a scratch pointer either on the surface of the specimen or on a suitable record sheet 18 secured thereto. In operation of this form, at the instant of contact between the cross bar i8 and impact lugs) 6, the left end of the specimen 19 will rotate relative to the right end thereof, thus causing the marker end 'llto scratch a circumferential line on the specimen. At the instant of failure, the left endof the specimen together with cross bar l8 will drop and thus discontinue the scratching action by pointer 17. The extent of the foregoing line will determine the degree of torsion of the specimen before failure.

From the foregoing disclosure of the several modifications, it is seen that I have provided a very simple and yet most effective and accurate means for determining the degree of torsion before failure of a specimen during a torsion impact test thereof and which means may be applied to new or existing equipment at a relatively small cost.

It will of course be understood that various changes in details of construction and arrangement of parts may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.

I claim:

1. In combination, a torsion impact testing machine having means for subjecting a test specimen to torsion impact, indicating means, and means wherebythe same is automatically responsive to the degree. of torsion of a specimen.

2. In combination, a torsion impact testing machine, torsion indicating means; and means whereby the same is rendered operative automatically when torsion is initially applied to a specimen.

3. In combination, a torsion impact testing machine, torsion indicating means, and means whereby the same is rendered operative automatically when torsion is initially applied to a specimen and is rendered inoperative when the specimen fails. v

4. In combination, a torsion impact testing machine, electrical torsion indicating means, andmeans for controlling the same automatically in accordance with the initial application of torsion to the specimen and in accordance with subsequent failure thereof.

5. In combination, mechanism for subjecting a .test specimen to torsionalimpact, and means for determining the degree of torsion of the specimen before failure thereof including an electric circuit which is broken upon failure of the specimen.

6. In combination, mechanism for subjecting a test specimen to torsional impact, and means for determining the degree of torsion of the specimen before failure thereof including an electric circuit passing through the specimen whereby upon failure thereof the circuit is broken.

7. In combination, mechanism for subjecting a test specimen to torsional impact, and means for determining the degree of torsion of the specimen before failure thereof including an arm and a lug adapted to have impact contact with said arm, and an electrical circuit adapted to be controlled in accordance with the impact between the arm and lug.

8. In combination, mechanism for imparting torsional impact to a test specimen, a chart, and means for electrically indicating on said chart the degree of torsion of the specimen up to the point of failure thereof.

9. In combination, mechanism for subjecting a specimen to torsional impact, a chart and an electrode,'one of which is movable with a portion of the specimen during torsion thereof and the other of which is stationary, and electrical means producing a current adapted to be discharged from said electrode and through said chart while the specimen is subjected to torsion.

10. In combination, mechanism for subjecting a specimen to torsional impact, a chart and an electrode, one of which is movable with a portion of the specimen during torsion thereof and the other of which is stationary, electrical means producing a current adapted to be discharged from said electrode and through said chart while the specimen is subjected to torsion, and means for efiecting adjustment between said chart and electrode to obtain a plurality of records on a single chart.

11. In combination, mechanism for subjecting a test specimen to torsional impact including a momentum member movable about an axis, and means for indicating the degree of torsion of a specimen up to failure thereof including a chart and marking elements, one of which is movable with said momentum member and the other of which is stationary. 1

12. In combination, mechanism for subjecting a test specimen to torsional impact, and means for indicating the degree of torsion of the specimen up to the point of failure thereof including means associated with the two end portions of the specimen whereby the indicating operation is auto matically discontinued upon failure of the speci-' men at an intermediate point thereof.

13. In combination, mechanism for imparting torsional impact to a test specimen, a flexible finger having one end secured to one end portion of a specimen and the other end of the finger being substantially free, means whereby said free end is adapted to scribe a line circumferentially of the specimen during torsion thereof, and means whereby upon failure of the specimen said free the specimen after it is broken or during insertion of a specimen in its support.

15. A torsional impact machine including a continuously moving momentum member, and means for imparting torsion from said member to a specimen including axially movable meansadapted for cooperation with one end of the specimen, and a hood movable with said means and adapted to automatically enclose the specimen during torsion thereof and to uncover the same when a new specimen is to be inserted.

RICHARD W. DINZL. 

